解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::The ostracod Cyprideis torosa Jones, 1850 is a dominant species in the meiofauna of brackish water habitats. Its production in the field over a five-year period has been calculated using two production models. The first model uses the age-distribution of shells preserved in the sediment to assess the stage-specific mo...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00385231
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ninety percent of wild red grouse examined carried threadworms in their intenstinal caeca. Old birds had 30 times as many worms as young birds. Some infections were as high as 30,000 worms. The occurrence of worms in old grouse conformed to the negative binomial distribution. ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00399229
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluorescent probes have been applied to study by epifluorescence microscopy interactions between species in an Anabaena flos-aquae association, derived from a freshwater community. Glycoconjugates (macromolecules containing carbohydrate residues) have been shown to play a vital role in recognition processes and in for...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00399219
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study we investigated the relationship between food availability, feeding ecology and territoriality in a population of Cactus Finches, Geospiza scandens, on Isla Daphne Major, Galápagos, between 1979 and 1981.We monitored the phenologies of the principal food types on the island and related them to changes in...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00384545
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Field experiments were conducted to clarify the relationship between the extent of food limitation and the amount and nature of intraspecific competition in an orb weaver, the labyrinth spider Metepeira labyrinthea. In one experiment agonistic encounters between marked adult females were induced at natural web sites. ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00384535
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of nitrogen availability on growth and the patterns of dry matter and nitrogen allocation of the dune grasses Ammophila arenaria and Elymus mollis. Plants were grown from rhizome segments under near-ambient coastal conditions and received either high or low...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379585
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genotype frequencies of adult and juvenile Actinia tenebrosa from 2 populations showed that settlement and recruitment predominantly involved the localised asexual (ameiotic) proliferation of established genotypes. However, there is strong indirect evidence that the genotypic variation was generated by sexual reproduc...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379575
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The decomposition (meaning disappearance) of different leaf types and artificial leaves made from cellulose hydrate foil was studied in three forests - an alluvial forest (Ulmetum), a beech forest on limestone soil (Melico-Fagetum), and a spruce forest in soil overlying limestone bedrock.Fine, medium, and coarse mesh ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379565
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The CO2 assimilation of primary foliage of red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and red oak (Quercus rubra L.), and of regrowth foliage produced in response to simulated insect defoliation, was measured throughout the season by infrared gas analysis: parallel measurements of leaf conductance were obtained by ventilated diffusio...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379555
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bromus tectorum L. dominates sites of large-scale disturbance, while Poa pratensis L. dominates the sites of small-scale disturbance in the Festuca/Symphoricarpos habitat type in eastern Washington (USA). The role of incident irradiation in influencing these distributions was examined using field and glasshouse experi...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377187
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two methods of extraction were used in the estimation of snail population densities in woodland litter. The time-consuming-Vágvölgyi technique proved to be 6.25 times more efficient than infra-red heat extraction but it was shown that the results obtained by the latter method could be easily corrected to conform with ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377177
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fate of individual plants of Helianthus annuus was monitored in populations sown at a density of 650 seeds m-2. Ninety six percent of the seeds germinated but only fifty two percent of the seedlings survived to the end of the experiment due to self-thinning. Whilst the seedlings emerged over only four days the cot...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379716
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many species, fecundity is dependent on age. For some populations - particularly those exploiting temporally variable environments - these age-specific fecundities may themselves vary with time. In this report, we investigate the general effects of age and time on clutch size in a wild population of Lesser Snow Gee...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379706
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The amount of calcium in Eucalyptus diversicolor (karri) ecosystems is high in comparison with other eucalypt forest ecosystems in Australia. A large proportion of this calcium is present as crystalline Ca oxalate. Whewellite (CaC2O4·H2O) accumulates in leaf tissue of the over- and understorey species. Up to 70% of th...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379696
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of fertilization on leaf longevity and leaf mortality in the Alaskan evergreen shrub, Ledum palustre (Ait.) Hult., were investigated in a field experiment. The fertilization treatments included N alone, P alone, N plus P, and N plus P plus K. After 5 years all treatments had the same effect on leaf longevi...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379686
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Temperature regulation and oxygen consumption were examined in two species of grasshoppers: Melanoplus sanguinipes from cold alpine tundra at elevation 3,800 m, and Trimerotropis pallidipennis from hot desert habitats at elevation 250 m. Both species utilized behavioral thermoregulation to keep body temperature (T b )...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378228
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The seasonal changes in plant community architecture and its importance to insect herbivores during the ruderal-early stages of an experimental secondary successional gradient are described. The dominant group of insect herbivores, the Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera: Homoptera) are considered together with their host plan...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378218
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the effects of intraspecific variation in leaf nitrogen and water content on the growth, consumption, conversion efficiency and nitrogen use of Colias butterfly larvae. Pest and non-pest Colias philodice eriphyle larvae and Colias eurytheme larvae were fed field-collected alfalfa (Medicago sativa) ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00376927
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The food selection of the common goby, Pomatoschistus microps Krøyer, was studied in the field and in laboratory experiments on the Swedish west coast. The three most important prey organisms for P. microps in the study area were Corophium volutator, chironomid larvae and Nereis spp. Corophium was consumed more than a...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00376917
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A three year study of Senecio keniodendron (Compositae), a giant rosette species of the alpine zone of Mt. Kenya, demonstrated that individuals which reproduce are more likely to die, and less likely to reproduce in the future if they do survive, than are vegetative individuals of the same size. However, if an individ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00384494
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gas exchange characteristics of two C3 desert annuals with contrasting phenologies, Geraea canescens T. & G. (winter-active) and Dicoria canescens T. & G. (summer-active), both Asteraceae, were determined for plants grown under a moderate (25°/15° C, day/night temperature) and a high (40°/27° C) growth temperature...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00384484
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of the ant communities and their foraging dynamics were studied in two annual agroecosystems of the Mexican tropical lowlands: a "forest milpa" of corn, beans, and squash made by cutting and buring 40-year-old forest, and a "field milpa" of corn, beans, and squash made by plowing 1-year-old second grow...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00386726
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The impact of predation by the robber fly Proctacanthus milbertii Macquart on populations of adult grasshoppers from grasslands of the Nebraska sandhills was estimated. Densities of P. milbertii were estimated at 437 individuals per hectare (2 se=122). Overall densities of 23 species of grasshoppers were estimated to ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00386716
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The structure and seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton communities in the littoral zone were compared between oligotrophic and eutrophic lakes in the southeastern United States. Differences in diversity and species composition between lakes could be ascribed to long-term variation in nutrients corresponding to trophic s...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00380005
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of irradiance during growth on biomass allocation, growth rates, leaf chlorophyll and protein contents, and on gas exchange responses to irradiance and CO2 partial pressures of the evergreen, sclerophyllous, chaparral shrub, Ceanothus megacarpus were determined. Plants were grown at 4 irradiances for the g...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379995
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Standard infra-red gas analysis techniques were used to compare the photosynthesis of the liverworts Marchantia foliacea Mitt. and Monoclea forsteri Hook. Parameters measured include net photosynthetic rates, light response curves, quantum efficiencies, diffusive resistances to CO2 and water, apparent photorespiration...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378404
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is no correlation between protein-precipitating capacity and either total phenolic or proanthocyanidin content of extracts of mature foliage from six species of oaks: Quercus alba (white oak), Q. bicolor (swamp white oak), Q. macrocarpa (bur oak), Q. palustris (pin oak), Q. rubra (red oak), and Q. velutina (blac...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378394
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Only heavy insects and those that fly quickly can pass through a spider's web. When an insect is entangled in a web, permanent activity is the best way of getting free. Small wings are conducive to a successful escape, as is a special surface structure of the wings (scales, hairs, lipoid surface). The autotomy of legs...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00389023
更新日期:1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regeneration methods for coastal sage srub vegetation after fire were studied in the coastal Santa Monica Mountains of southern California. Six sites were sampled two years after a large fire of fall, 1978. The intensity of fire varied. Foliar cover and flowering incidence were recorded for individuals regenerating by...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00389013
更新日期:1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Shorter male larval and pupal durations were sufficient to produce the protandrous emergence pattern of the black swallowtail butterfly. In 9 broods observed under natural conditions, the first male was seen 7.1±6.5 days before the first female, although the peak of captures relative to the first capture was similar i...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00389003
更新日期:1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a preliminary to a population study using markrelease-recapture techniques, specimens of the Satyrid buttfly Melanargia galathea (L.) were subjected to a number of marking and capture techniques. Although the adults are thought to display both aposematic and cryptic coloration, the use of marks of different sizes a...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377143
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stomata of paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) seedlings were more open at high humidity than at low humidity and responded rapidly to changes in vapor pressure deficit. SO2 at 0.2 or 0.8 μl l-1 caused partial stomatal closure. Seedlings fumigated with SO2 at 0.2 or 0.5 μl l-1 for 30 h or 0.2 μl l-1 for 75 h took u...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377133
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Locomotory efficiency and potential has been studied in three species of the waterboatman Notonecta in relation to the predation strategies of these bugs.Morphometric analysis, estimating likely relative drag forces, mechanical advantages of the swimming legs and leg length/body length ratios allowed an estimation of ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00363849
更新日期:1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Decomposition of standing dead trees that were killed by fire was examined for 10 species in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The decrease in wood density as fire age increased was used to estimate decomposition rates. Quercus prinus had the fastest decay rate (11% yr-1) while Pinus virginiana had the slowest ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00363839
更新日期:1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trirhabda bacharidis (Weber) (Chrysomelidae), a univoltine, monophagous beetle is the dominant herbivore on Baccharis halimifolia (Compositae), a woody, perennial shrub that leafs out in early spring and retains its leaves into November. Available plant biomass increases during the season but T. bacharidis feeds only ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00363829
更新日期:1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simple life table model was constructed for Tetranychus urticae in which daily survivorship of eggs and motil stages, fecundity, and development time was altered to assess the impact of each parameter on the intrinsic rate of increase. r. Interpretation of the trade-offs focused on management considerations.A second...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00367964
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phytoplankton abundance in tropical lakes is more often judged to be limited by nitrogen than phosphorus, but seldom does the evidence include controlled enrichments of natural populations. In January 1980 we performed the first experimental fertilization in an equatorial African soda lake, Lake Sonachi, a small, mero...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00367954
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cellulose toilet roll baits were exposed in three different subhabitats at Nylsvley Reserve, northern Transvaal, and respective attacks by up to eight species of termites are described and illustrated. In broad-leaved savanna attack was principally by Microcerotermes, a slow feeder that attacked rolls throughout the y...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00349023
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among birds of the Bismarck Archipelago, only certain combinations of the species in a guild coexist on islands, and some species that are very similar ecologically have mutually exclusive distributions. Diamond (1975) interpreted these patterns as biologically significant, involving effects such as competition. Conno...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00349013
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gut extracts of Gammarus fossarum liberated reducing substances (at pH values ≤7) and amino acids (pH≥7) from freshly shed oak leaves only after removal of soluble leaf phenols. When carboxymethylcellulose was used at a concentration equal to that of leaf cellulose, release of reducing substances was considerably high...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00349003
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00